Everything about The Kingdom Of Gibraltar totally explained
The
Kingdom of Gibraltar is one of the historic
substantive titles pertaining to the
Castilian monarchy and its successor, the
Spanish monarchy used prior to 1837. The title of "King of Gibraltar" is still included in the
titles and honours of the Spanish Crown and is among the titles of the present king,
Juan Carlos I, although Gibraltar was ceded to the British Crown under Article X of the
Treaty of Utrecht 1713.
History
During the
Middle Ages,
Gibraltar was part of the
Moorish Taifa of
Malaga in
Al-Andalus. It was ruled by
Abdul Malik, son of the
King of Fez, between 1333 and 1340. After an unsuccessful siege led by
Alfonso XI of Castile during the
Reconquista period, Emir
Isa Ibn al-Hassam proclaimed himself "King of Gibraltar and its lands" in 1355. The kingship remained in Muslim hands for the next century.
Gibraltar was finally captured by
Castile on 15 December 1462 when it fell to an army led by the
Duke of Medina Sidonia, who expelled the Moors from the territory. King
Henry IV of Castile, the father of the later Queen
Isabella of Castile, rewarded the duke with the title of Marquess of Gibraltar and added the kingship of Gibraltar to the list of titles of the Castilian crown. The title continued to be used by his successors even after the territory was ceded to the Crown of
Great Britain in perpetuity under the terms of the
Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. The continued use of the title thus emphasizes a Spanish viewpoint that the United Kingdom merely has
possession of Gibraltar, rather than
sovereignty over it. The United Kingdom, by contrast, takes the position that the treaty transferred sovereignty as well as possession.
When Gibraltar was captured by Great Britain in 1704, the city council and much of the population left, founding in 1706 the nearby town of
San Roque. The original royal warrant of 1502, which the city council took with it to San Roque along with Gibraltar's standard and records, is now in the San Roque municipal archives. San Roque still uses a modified version of the
coat of arms of Gibraltar to symbolise its connection with Gibraltar.
Although the kingship of Gibraltar continues to be among the titles of the Spanish monarchy, it was customary for titles and arms of conquered territories to be omitted from British regnal claims. The title and arms were thus never claimed by the
British monarchy.
See also
Further Information
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